At COP29 in Baku, India emerged as a leading voice for developing nations, sharply criticizing developed countries for their failure to fulfill climate finance commitments and take sufficient responsibility for historical emissions. India’s negotiators rightly highlighted the lack of ambition from wealthier nations, the persistent delays in financial assistance, and the disproportionate burden placed on countries with far less culpability and capacity.

 

However, this assertive stance on the global stage contrasts sharply with India’s glaring inability to address its own worsening environmental crisis, particularly the toxic air pollution choking its cities. The current situation in northern India, especially Delhi, paints a grim picture: hazardous air quality, smog-filled skies, and rising health concerns. It raises uncomfortable questions about India’s credibility in demanding global climate action while its domestic efforts remain insufficient.  

 

As world leaders deliberate on climate finance and mitigation frameworks, the reality back home in India underscores a troubling paradox. Delhi’s Air Quality Index (AQI) routinely breaches the "severe" category, forcing school closures and threatening public health. The pollution crisis stems from a combination of vehicular emissions, industrial activity, construction dust, and the seasonal scourge of stubble burning in neighboring states. Despite awareness of these factors, the government’s response has been fragmented and reactive rather than systemic and preventative.  

 

India’s climate diplomacy at COP29 rightfully emphasizes the need for equity and historical accountability, urging developed nations to honor their commitments. Yet, the nation must recognize that global credibility stems from strong domestic action. If India seeks to hold others accountable for their emissions, it must demonstrate greater resolve in tackling its own environmental challenges.  

 

Comprehensive solutions are within reach: enforcing stricter emission norms, transitioning to cleaner energy sources, curbing stubble burning through technology and incentives, and enhancing public transportation infrastructure. These measures require political will and inter-state coordination, which have so far been lacking.  

 

India’s position at COP29 reflects its growing clout as a representative of the Global South, championing fairness in climate action. But to truly lead, India must set its own house in order. Addressing the pollution crisis at home is not just an environmental imperative; it is a moral obligation and a prerequisite for claiming leadership in global climate negotiations. Demanding accountability abroad must go hand-in-hand with action at home. Only then can India genuinely inspire and influence the global fight against climate change.